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Concussion A concussion is a traumatic brain injury common to many sports. Athletes in contact and collision sports, like football, hockey, and soccer have a higher risk of developing a concussion, but athletes in all sports may experience this injury.

Hamstring Strain A hamstring strain is a common injury seen with running, jumping, kicking activities, water skiing, dance, weight lifting and ice skating.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries An ACL sprain occurs when there is damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a major knee ligament that is located inside the knee.

Hypertension in Athletes High blood pressure, or â€œhypertension,â€ occurs in roughly 75 million adults in the United States, according to the American Heart Association. It is one of the factors that may lead to stroke, heart attack, heart disease and kidney disease.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease Osgood-Schlatter disease refers to a condition occurring during adolescence that causes pain, swelling and soreness on an area of the upper shinbone, just below the knee, called the tibial tuberosity.

Patellar and Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures Although patellar and quadriceps tendon ruptures or tears are rare, they are serious injuries.

Rib Fracture A rib fracture may occur when a rib(s) sustains a direct impact from a ball, bat, punch, kick or fall.

Golf The first rules for golf were written in 1774 by Edinburgh golfers, who practiced a game that originated along the coast of Scotland during the 15th century. The original game involved using a club or stick to hit a pebble around sand dunes. Today, golf is played worldwide, predominantly in English-speaking countries, by males and females, in club, collegiate, amateur and professional levels.the sport, though.

Gymnastics Gymnasts are at risk for traumatic (e.g. fractures, sprains) as well as overuse injuries (e.g. tendinitis).

Ice Hockey Because of the high-velocity, high-impact nature of the sport, ice hockey players may suffer concussions.

Martial Arts A wide array of injuries can occur from participating in martial arts. Each type of martial art predisposes the practitioner to a particular set of injuries, which is also affected by the equipment, rules and techniques used.

Soccer (Football) Soccer players may sustain injuries that are either acute or due to overuse.

Meniscus Tears Meniscus tears can happen with an acute twisting knee injury, especially in younger athletes. Athletes may also have degenerative tears, which can happen over time.

High-Altitude Cerebral Edema High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is an emergency in which swelling of the brain occurs because of high altitude. Early recognition is important as it is usually leads to death within 24 hours if left untreated. HACE occurs when people who are not used to being at high altitudes ascend to such places of elevation too quickly.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is caused by repetitive pressure on the wrist and/or injury to the wrist, as with a wrist fracture.

Skin Infections Athletes are at a higher risk of skin infections due to frequent close contact, having open wounds, poor hygiene practices and sharing towels or equipment. It is important to know which type of infection an athlete has because some infections can still be passed to others even after the skin is covered.

Bike Fit For many cyclists, the purchase of a bicycle can be a big decision. Bikes can range in price from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. Factors such as terrain, training volume and level of competition all play a role in the type of bike that is best suited for an individual rider.

Saddle Sores Saddle sores include a range of skin conditions seen in the pelvic/genital region of cyclists. They occur as a result of moisture, pressure and friction where athletes sit on the bike seat (saddle).

Elbow Strain/Sprain An elbow injury could occur suddenly from a fall or if it is twisted too hard. These injuries are common in football, wrestling, gymnastics, skiing, and many other sports.

Auricular Hematoma (Cauliflower Ear) An auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear) is an injury to the outer ear. This injury can occur when the outer ear is either hit directly or receives repetitive blows.

Shin Splints There are many causes of shin pain in athletes. The most common causes include â€œshin splints,â€ or medial tibial stress syndrome, stress fractures and exertional compartment syndrome.

Patellofemoral Syndrome Patellofemoral pain is a common but complex knee problem that occurs in active people. The patella (kneecap) sits in a groove at the bottom of the thigh bone (femur).

Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is one cause of exercise-related lower leg pain. There are four compartments in the lower leg.

Cervical Strain/Sprain A strain or sprain is an injury to a muscle or ligament. There are many parts of the neck that can be injured, such as the muscles, ligaments, bones, discs, and nerves. A cervical strain or sprain is a neck injury that involves the muscles or ligaments of the neck. This type of injury can happen in any sport when there is a collision between two athletes, a fall, or contact with impact to the head.

Iron deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia When iron levels are too low, bodily functions are negatively affected. Iron levels in the body can be low for reasons such as a diet deficient in iron, inadequate iron absorption in the stomach and intestines, or by loss of iron, which is a common cause in menstruating women. Iron deficiency (ID) is the result of low iron stores.

Heat Illness Don't let it take you out of the game. Heat illness is a preventable sports injury. The symptoms of heat illness can range from mild to life-threatening. It's not time to tough it out. Recognizing mild symptoms early can help prevent more serious conditions.

Choosing Wisely: MRI Choosing WiselyTM is an initiative of the American Board of Internal Medicine and supported by multiple medical societies, including the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine.

Think You've Been Concussed? AMSSM member Kim Harmon, MD, a sports medicine physician, concussion expert and lead author of AMSSM's position statement, Concussion in Sport, said there are five things you can ask your doctor if you have had a concussion or think you may have been concussed.

Coach's Corner: Hydration Tips It takes more than having water coolers around to keep your athletes safe and performing at optimal levels. Here are some tips to educate your athletes on maintaining proper hydration, especially as we enter the warmer summer months.

Start Your Fitness Journey Summertime is finally here for most areas of the country and that means a lot of people will want to get outside and get active!

Becoming Water Wise Summer is here! Pools, lakes, ponds, and beaches mean summer fun and cool relief from hot weather. However, water also can be dangerous for kids if you donâ€™t take the proper precautions.

Coach's Corner: Avoid Baseball-Related Injuries When Spring Training is in full swing, these tips will help avoid baseball-related injuries during the season.

Figure Skating Figure skating has grown over the years, with an explosion of interest in the 1990s. Figure skaters are prone to overuse injuries because of early, single-sport specialization, intense practice and year-round competitions.

Ankle Sprain Ankle sprains are some of the most common sports injuries. An ankle sprain is an injury to the ligaments (bands of tissue that connect bones) that help to keep the ankle stable.

American Football American football has its roots in rugby and similar, somewhat â€œfree-for-all,â€ European games based on moving a ball from one place to another through various means, some dating back as far as the 1100s.

Stingers (Burners) Stingers, also known as burners, are common injuries in contact sports, such as American football and rugby. These injuries can also be seen in wrestling, hockey, basketball, and boxing

Iliotibial Band (Friction) Syndrome (ITBS) The iliotibial band (ITB) is a thick band of fascia (a kind of hard flesh) that extends down the outside of the upper thigh.

Ulnar-Sided Wrist Injuries Wrist pain can result from injuries, repetitive overuse, and long-term conditions.

Achilles Tendon Ruptures An Achilles tendon rupture involves a complete tear of the tendon on the back of the ankle. It occurs most commonly in patients who are in their 30s to 40s but can happen at any age.

Achilles Tendinopathy Achilles tendinopathy refers to the condition where the stress to the tendon results with very small tears or damage to or around the tendon.

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) Infections of the upper respiratory tract are the most common illness in the general population, as well as in athletes.

Knee Arthritis: 5 Questions Series As part of our 5 Questions series, we look at five questions you should ask your doctor about knee arthritis.

Choosing Wisely: Imaging Recommendations for Concussions Avoid ordering a brain CT or brain MRI to evaluate an acute concussion unless there are progressive neurologic symptoms, focal neurological findings on exam or there is concern for a skull fracture.

Concussions: Getting Your Head Out of the Game Concussions, sometimes referred to as mild traumatic brain injuries, are one of the most commonly encountered sports injuries. Studies vary but rates are estimated at two million sport related concussions per year in the United States.

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries can occur in athletes that place a lot of stress on the elbow joint, often while throwing.

Trochanteric Bursitis A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that provides cushioning and reduces the friction from tendons and muscles rubbing on underlying bones.

Stress Fracture A stress fracture is a fracture that is caused by too much stress being put on a bone. It is not typically caused by trauma and it develops gradually over time.

Sports Specialization Sport specialization may be considered as intensive, year-round training in a single sport at the exclusion of other sports.

Spondylolysis Spondylolysis is a stress fracture of a bone or bones within the lower back. It most commonly affects the last/fifth bone on the lower back (the “L5” bone), and usually only one side

Sickle Cell Trait Sickle cell trait affects millions of people worldwide. Sickle cell trait is seen in all races in the US, although it is found most commonly in African-Americans, affecting 5-8% of that population. Sickle cell trait is an inherited blood disorder in which “hemoglobin,” the part of the blood that colors it red and is responsible for carrying oxygen, does not have a normal molecular appearance.

Rotator Cuff Injuries Rotator cuff tears refer to partial or full tears of one or a number of the 4 muscles that help move the shoulder and keep the end of the long bone of the arm within the shallow socket of the shoulder (the “rotator cuff”).

Platelet-Rich Plasma “Platelet-rich plasma” (“PRP”) is a term used to describe the blood products with an increased concentration of platelets.“Platelets” contain growth factors, and injecting PRP into injured or non-healing tissue is believed to possibly enhance or speed up healing.

Wrist Fracture The wrist is composed of eight bones. These eight bones attach the bones in the forearm (ulna and radius) and the bones in the hand (metacarpals). A wrist fracture is a break in either of the forearm bones or one of the eight wrist bones.

Ultrasound Ultrasonography is a rapidly developing area of sports medicine that has many different applications, which can be used in the clinic, training room, and even on the sideline. It can be used for diagnostic as well as treatment purposes.

Tinea Pedis Tinea pedis is commonly known as “athlete’s foot." It is a fungal infection of the foot, often seen in sports participants.

Tendinopathy/Tendonitis “Tendinopathy” is a catch-all term used to describe the conditions of tendonitis (or “tendinitis”) and tendonosis.

Acute Mountain Sickness Acute mountain sickness pertains to group of symptoms that can occur when one quickly gains altitude, like when traveling to the mountains to hike or ski.

Skier's Thumb "Skier's thumb" or an ulnar collateral ligament sprain is a stretch or tearing of the ulnar collateral ligament.

Ankle Impingement Ankle impingement is a condition that causes a painful limitation of ankle range of motion due to a soft-tissue or bony abnormality.

Athletic Pubalgia (Sports Hernia) Athletic pubalgia is defined as pain in the groin area of an athlete. It has been given many names in the past, such as "sportsman's hernia" and "hockey groin."

Shoulder Separation A shoulder separation is an injury to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, which is located at the end of the collar bone (clavicle) on top of the shoulder.

Bunions A bunion is a condition where there is a gradual change in the anatomy of the great toe, leading to a painful and permanent deformity over the side of the digit.

Clavicle (Collarbone) Fracture The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long bone between the sternum (breastbone) and scapula (shoulder blade).

Quadriceps Contusion A quadriceps contusion is commonly known as a “thigh bruise".

Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture The biceps muscle helps to flex the elbow and rotate the forearm palm up.

FAI and Hip Labral Injuries Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain. Impingement occurs because of an abnormal shape of the ball or socket of the hip joint.

MCL Sprain The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the four ligaments that stabilize the knee along with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Tennis There are almost 30 million tennis players in the United States, who benefit from improvements in aerobic fitness, cholesterol profiles, and improved bone health through participation.

Female Athlete Triad The "female athlete triad" is a term used to describe three distinct but interrelated conditions, including, low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction and low bone mineral density.

Exercise and Osteoporosis Bone is constantly in the process of remodeling, breaking down and then reforming. Osteoporosis is a bone disease that leads to less bone formation as well as poor bone quality.

Intersection Syndrome Intersection syndrome is an overuse injury similar to De Quervain’s tenosynovitis and is characterized by irritation and swelling of the back side or radial side (the side of the wrist by the thumb) of the wrist and forearm.

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an overuse injury characterized by thickening and swelling of the tendons that run from the base of the thumb into the wrist and forearm.

Shoulder Dislocation The shoulder joint is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body.

Sports Medicine Today 2015 Summer Edition The 2015 summer issue of the Sports Medicine Today newsletter is now available for download and print.

Commotio Cordis If a person is struck in the chest at a specific time in the heart rhythm cycle, the heart’s electrical signal can be interrupted, resulting in the heart stopping. This rare cause of the heart suddenly stopping is called “commotio cordis.”

Overtraining Syndrome Overtraining syndrome occurs when an athlete’s training schedule is too much to allow for his/her body to recover. It often is the reason that the athlete’s performance declines despite increasing the training schedule and intensity of training. Poor performance continues even after weeks to months of recovery.

Laceration A laceration is a cut in the skin, a common occurrence in sports. A laceration can occur following contact with a sharp object, such as a piece of equipment or even a tooth, or from a blunt force, such as an elbow during basketball.

High Ankle Sprain An ankle sprain is one of the most common sports related injuries. A high ankle sprain is a sprain to the strong ligaments that hold the two leg bones, the tibia and fibula, together at the ankle.

Labral Tears- Shoulder A labral tear is an injury to the fibrous cartilage portion of the shoulder joint that helps hold the long bone of the arm within the socket of the shoulder.

Little League Elbow “Little League Elbow” is a disorder of the inside portion of the elbow in young athletes.

Mononucleosis Mononucleosis, or “mono,” is a viral infection caused by the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).

Frostbite Frostbite is an injury that can occur after prolonged exposure to below freezing temperatures (< 0° C or 32° F).

Jersey Finger A “jersey finger” occurs when the tendon responsible for flexing the tip of the finger is torn.

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) The hip joint is made up of a ball and socket. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, or SCFE, is a condition primarily seen in older children and adolescents where the growth plate within the ball is weakened and causes the two ends to slip off.

Boxer's Fracture A “boxer’s fracture” is a break (fracture) in one of the metacarpal bones of the hand.

Cervical Radiculopathy "Cervical radiculopathy" is the medical term used for what is more commonly known as a “pinched nerve,” in this case, at the neck.

Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction “Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction” (EIB)occurs when a person’s airway becomes temporarily narrowed, either during, or soon after, exercise.

Muscle Cramps A muscle cramp, often referred to as a “charley horse,” is a temporary, involuntary contraction of a muscle.

Plantar Fasciitis The plantar fascia is located on the underside of the foot, and it is a thick band of fibrous tissue that runs from the inside edge of the heel to the toes.

Nutritional Supplements Nutritional supplements are any commercially available substance that an athlete takes as an addition to his or her regular diet.

Sudden Cardiac Death Sudden death refers to an unexpected demise occurring over a short period of time, usually within 1 hour of symptom onset. It is predominantly caused by abnormalities of the heart and affects both those with known and unknown cardiac disease.

ECAST: Exercise Collapse Associated with Sickle Cell Trait Individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT) have a mutation in one of two genes encoding for the hemoglobin molecule, which carries oxygen in red blood cells. This mutation may cause normally round red blood cells to form a crescent or “sickle” shape in times of low blood oxygen.

Benefits of Exercise in Children There are many reasons why children and adolescents engage in sports. The National Council of Youth Sports Survey found that 60 million children aged 6 to 18 years participate in some form of organized athletics, with 44 million participating in more than one sport.

Pediatric Obesity The pediatric obesity epidemic among youth in the United States is a major health concern that affects their current and future health.

Little League Shoulder “Little league shoulder” is a condition that arises from microscopic injuries to the growth plate in the shoulder that occurs in athletes that throw overhead.

Plantar Fascia Injection Plantar fasciitis recovery can be lengthy and will require a gradual return to impact activities. When conservative measures have not helped to improve your symptoms,then a sports medicine physician may recommend an injection into or around the plantar fascia.

Sternoclavicular (SC) Sprains An SC sprain is an injury to the joint where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the sternum (breastbone). These injuries are rare, requiring an accident with a lot of force, such as a tackle in football or rugby.

Sever's Disease Sever('s) disease is a common overuse injury that affects the heel of active children and young teenagers. Pain may occur due to inflammation and stress where the Achilles tendon inserts onto a growth plate located in the heel bone.

Exercise-Induced Hematuria “Exercise-induced hematuria” is a benign condition in which blood is present in the urine (“hematuria”) following exercise. This has also been called “runner’s bladder,” “marathoner’s hematuria,” and “stress hematuria.”

Apophysitis “Apophysitis” is the medical term used to indicate inflammation and stress injury where a muscle and its tendon attaches to the area on a bone where growth occurs in a child or adolescent, an area called the “growth plate.”

Cardiac Clearance in Masters Athletes Participation in sports and other physical activity has many health benefits, and is an important part of staying healthy as a person gets older. However, for some people with underlying heart problems, the stress to the heart during exercise can also be dangerous.

Doping “Doping” refers to the use of banned substances in competitive sports. Performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) is another term used to for drugs used by athletes to improve their athletic performance.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common, inherited cardiovascular disease that affects about one in 500 people. It is caused by a genetic mutation that occurs in the heart muscles.

Hydration Every day, water is lost through breathing, sweating, urination, and bowel movements. If water and electrolyte losses are not replaced, then the individual will dehydrate.

Myositis Ossificans Myositis ossificans is a condition stemming from an injury that can occur in many types of sports. In this condition, bone tissue forms within a muscle. When a bruise (contusion), repetitive trauma, or strain occurs to a muscle, myositis ossificans can develop.

Patellar Tendinopathy A tendon is a thick band that attaches a muscle to a bone. The patellar tendon goes from the bottom of the kneecap (patella) to the top of the shinbone (tibia). Patellar tendinopathy, otherwise known as “jumper’s knee,” is an overuse injury caused by stress on the tendon that may end up causing tiny tears within the tendon leading to degeneration.

Sinding-Larsen Johansson Disease (SLJ) Sinding-Larsen Johansson Disease (SLJ) is a possible cause of knee pain in 8-to-13-year-old active individuals. Children often complain of pain and swelling at the bottom of the knee cap that may be worsened by climbing stairs, running, jumping, deep bending of the knee, or kneeling.

Ulnar Neuritis Irritation and inflammation of the nerve (“neuritis”) on the inside portion of the elbow (the ulnar nerve) can lead to elbow pain, and numbness, tingling, and weakness of the involved hand.

Exercise in Pregnancy Exercise in uncomplicated pregnancies is now recognized for its numerous benefits for both mom and baby. The following suggestions are meant to help you design a safe and rewarding exercise program before or during your pregnancy.

Shin Splints or Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) MTSS or “shin splints” often time present as generalized pain on the inside of the lower leg bone during exercise.

Coach's Corner: Coaching an Athlete Through Injury Athletes and coaches alike are heavily invested in sports in many aspects of their lives. Injuries can affect everyone; not only are they rarely expected, depending on age and experience they can also provoke stress responses in all details of well-being.

Choosing Wisely: Avoid Performing Plain X-Rays in Instances of Facial Trauma In the United States, over 150,000 patients present to the emergency department with facial trauma every year.

Influenza Influenza/parainfluenza, or “flu,” is a contagious viral infection caused by several types of orthomyxovirus. The virus is passed to others by respiratory droplets produced when people infected with the virus talk, cough, or sneeze.

Extensor Tendinopathy Extensor tendinopathy is a condition that causes pain of the tendons along the top of the foot, which are responsible for flexing the foot and toes up.

FHL Tendinopathy The flexor hallucis longus tendon originates from the calf muscle and courses along the instep of the ankle and foot, assisting with flexion of the big toe.

Hip Flexor Strain This injury typically occurs with overuse, especially in sports and activities that involve sprinting, jumping, and kicking; these include dance, martial arts, track & field, soccer, and cycling.

Lower Back Pain in Athletes Lower back pain in athletes covers multiple conditions and can be caused by a variety of injuries, ranging from strained muscles and ligaments to bony abnormalities.

Metatarsalgia “Metatarsalgia” is a nonspecific term that refers to pain over the balls of one’s feet. The metatarsals are the foot bones that correspond to this area.

Peroneal Tendon Injury The peroneal muscle and tendons run down the outside of the lower leg and into the foot. The peroneus brevis tendon attaches to a bone on the outside and middle of the foot.

Posterior Tibial Tendinopathy The posterior tibial muscle and tendon help stabilize the ankle. For the majority of athletes, such as in runners, dysfunction of the tendon occurs gradually due to overuse and over-pronation.

Snapping Hip Syndrome “Snapping hip” is a medical condition that describes the catching of tendons across the hip joint on movement of the hip. Because this condition often occurs in dancers (ballet dancers in particular), it is often referred to as “dancer’s hip.”

Runner's Toe (Subungual Hematoma) Subungual hematoma refers to a painful condition caused by a buildup of blood (hematoma) or “blood blister” underneath the fingernail or toenail.

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Injury TFCC injuries can result from an acute fall onto an outstretched and turned out wrist or from a wrist being twisted while supporting weight.

Injuries in Dancers Dancers can sustain a variety of injuries, usually involving the lower half of the body, especially the foot and ankles.

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Steroids are considered performance-enhancing drugs/substances (PEDs) due to increases in strength and lean body mass while reducing body fat.

Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis is a rare autoimmune disease which includes inflammation of the spine and the sacroiliac joints, located at the base of the spine.

Athlete's Heart Athlete’s heart is a cardiac condition often seen in active individuals. It refers to the normal changes a heart undergoes in people who regularly participate in strenuous, prolonged exercise. This condition may result from aerobic exercise or weight training, commonly when training extends longer than one hour per day.

Calcific Tendonitis Calcific tendonitis or tendinopathy is a rather uncommon disease. It affects predominantly Caucasian populations, women between ages 30 to 50 years old, diabetics, and individuals with thyroid disease.

Calf Muscle Strain A calf strain can occur in adults who participate in activities that require quick accelerations and decelerations, as well as rapid changes in direction.

Cold Urticaria Cold urticaria is an uncommon skin reaction to cold exposure, which can be environmental, from aquatic activities, handling cold objects, or even eating cold foods.

Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a rare condition in which an allergic reaction is triggered by physical activity. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can start immediately and may be life-threatening.

Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a regional pain disorder in which patients experience lateral hip pain and tenderness. These symptoms may be caused by inflamed tendons, muscles, bursa or other structures surrounding the greater trochanter, the large bony prominence on the side of the hip.

Sinusitis Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities in the facial bones that are connected to the nose. Sinusitis can lead to blockage of the narrow passages connecting the sinuses and the nose, causing a painful buildup of pressure.

Tennis Elbow “Tennis elbow” (also called “lateral epicondylitis” or “lateral elbow tendinopathy”) is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting the outside (lateral) portion of the elbow.

Chafing and Runner's Nipple Chafing is skin irritation due to repetitive friction. This may arise from contact between skin and skin or skin and clothing, especially during prolonged periods of exercise.

Eating Disorders Individuals with an eating disorder can spend an unhealthy amount of time thinking about their weight or trying to lose weight in unhealthy ways.

Exercise Prescription One way sports medicine physicians are attempting to encourage and promote increased physical activity is through exercise prescriptions.

Ingrown Toenail An ingrown toenail, or onychocryptosis, occurs when a side of the nail plate begins to burrow into the skin and soft tissue at its edges along the nail bed.

Liver Injury Abdominal injuries are more common in contact or collision sports, such as football. Both the spleen and liver are the most commonly injured organs in blunt trauma.

Navicular Stress Fracture The foot is made up of several small bones, including the tarsal navicular bone. It can be easily injured from physical activities like running and jumping because of where it is located.

NSAIDs and Corticosteroids Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids are medications used by sports medicine physicians to treat many musculoskeletal conditions causing pain and/or swelling.

Quadriceps Strain Most athletes recover very well after a quadriceps strain. The length of recovery depends on both the severity and the location of the tear in the muscle.

Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis is a condition caused by damage to skeletal muscle. If the injury is severe enough to cause a massive release of toxins, the body may be unable to adequately clear them.

Stimulants Stimulants are used in sports to enhance performance. These substances work on the central nervous system to increase alertness, concentration, metabolic rate, power, strength, and to decrease fatigue.

Testicular Trauma Testicular trauma can occur with multiple different mechanisms, but blunt trauma is the most common in athletes. The most common mechanism of injury in athletes is from direct impact from falls, kicks, ball contact, and impact on vehicles or bicycles.

Acute Compartment Syndrome Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency that can affect the arms, legs, or trunk of the body.

Marfan Syndrome Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder of the protein fibrillin 1 leading to problems in the bones, heart, and eyes.

Myocarditis Myocarditis is a condition characterized by inflammation and injury of the heart tissue. Although most cases of myocarditis are mild, some cases can lead to serious heart problems and even death.

Olecranon Bursitis Olecranon bursitis may be caused by an injury from hitting the point of the elbow. It can also be caused by overuse of the elbow or prolonged and repetitive pressure on the elbow, such as from resting it on a hard surface for long periods of time.

Pernio (Chilblains) “Pernio” (also known as “chilblains”) is a condition characterized by skin changes (described below) that occur in response to cold temperatures.

Pre-Patellar Bursitis Irritation and inflammation of the pre-patellar bursa often occur with overuse of the knee. Specifically, it occurs in people who spend long periods of time kneeling and has the nickname “housemaid’s knee.”

Runner's Trots Runner’s Trots are lower gastrointestinal symptoms, most commonly diarrhea, during or immediately after aerobic exercise.

Steroid Injections A steroid injection is a shot, using a needle with medication, which can help decrease pain and inflammation, as well as diagnose injuries.

TFCC Injections The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a structure located on the ulnar side of the wrist. An injury to this area may cause pain, swelling or instability. If conservative treatments (NSAIDs, physical therapy, etc.) have failed, a sports medicine doctor may recommend an injection.

Vocal Cord Dysfunction Those having trouble breathing while exercising might be suffering from vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), also known as paradoxical vocal fold movement/motion (PVFM).

Choosing Wisely: 5 Things Physicans and Patients Should Question The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) has identified this list of clinical recommendations for the Choosing Wisely® campaign.

Coach’s Corner: Building a Sports Program Building a sports program can be a daunting task. You could be taking over a faltering program or starting one from the ground up. It can be overwhelming at times to get everyone connected to the same goal. Here are five strategies to help you get your program where you want it go.

The Benefits of Ultrasound Guided Injections Ultrasound, also known as sonography, is an imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time and dynamic images of the body. Ultrasound is increasingly being used to assist Sports Medicine Physicians, Rheumatologists, Orthopedists, and Primary Care Physicians in performing evaluations and injections of different muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints.

5 Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Sports Ultrasound Sports Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that utilizes reflected ultrasonic sound waves to obtain images of the musculoskeletal system. The term “Ultrasound” refers to sound waves that have a higher frequency than what a human can hear.

Choosing Wisely: Athletes with Infectious Mononucleos Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a common viral illness that is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, is typically self-limited, and has a peak incidence that occurs in adolescents and young adults.

Coach's Corner: Returning to Play from Concussions Last issue we discussed concussions in general. Here we will build on educating coaches to better identify concussions and what information to share with both parents and athletes to safely manage concussions. We also share how athletes should progress through a return to play protocol.

5 Things To Ask Your Doctor About Low Back Pain There are many causes of low back pain. Fortunately, the most common causes are not conditions that require urgent intervention.

Choosing Wisely: Management of Female Athlete Triad The female athlete triad is a complex medical condition seen in physically active women and girls that includes a spectrum of conditions related to three inter-related components.

Coach’s Corner: Athletes with Asthma Asthma is a common problem seen in athletes that involves wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. As Spring rolls around, asthma and seasonal allergies may be more commonly seen in your athletes.

Heat Illness and Fluid Guidelines As temperatures continue to rise this summer it’s important for our summer and fall athletes and coaches to be aware of the increased risk of heat illness.

Coach's Corner: What is FIFA 11+? The FIFA “11+” is an injury prevention program developed by a comprehensive group of international experts, and is targeted for soccer players aged 14 or older.

Choosing Wisely: Meniscal Tears Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy of the knee is the most commonly performed orthopedic surgery in the United States, with about 700,000 such procedures occurring annually. This is a minimally invasive surgery performed to address tears of the medial or lateral meniscus of the knee.

5 Question for Ankle Sprains Ankle sprains are very common. In fact, approximately 2-million ankle injuries occur in the United States every year(1). Unfortunately, over 70% of ankle sprains occur among individuals with previous ankle sprains, many of which were not completely rehabilitated.

Choosing Wisely: Imaging for Low Back Pain Low back pain is the fifth most common reason for all physician visits. Patients often request an X-ray or MRI of the lower back to identify the exact cause of the pain.

ACL Tears in the Female Athlete: Train It or Sprain It Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears occur in both genders, but female athletes are at higher risk with college basketball and soccer female athletes having a threefold higher risk than their male counterparts.

5 Questions to Ask Your Physician About Rotator Cuff Tears The human shoulder allows for an incredible amount of motion. However, this also can put this joint at risk for injury. In order to perform movements like serving a tennis ball, combing your hair or reaching for something on the top shelf we have to coordinate muscles that stabilize and move the shoulder blade (scapula) and the arm (humerus).

Coach’s Corner: The 7-Minute Workout High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has increased in popularity over the last few years. It is a great way to combine aerobic and resistance training.

The What, Where and Why of FAI: Femoroacetabular Impingement Hip pain is a common complaint among athletes. A particular area of recent focus is Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). FAI typically affects young athletes.

5 Things to Aid in Weight Loss With the New Year upon us, many of us will embark on losing that holiday weight and then some. Unfortunately, less than 10% of people stick with their plans and keep the weight off during the year.

Staying Fit in Youth Sports Childhood obesity and poor physical fitness are common problems in the U.S. Overeating, drinking sugary beverages and lack of exercise often contribute to being overweight. One of the ways children can improve their fitness is by joining an organized sports team.

Choosing Wisely: Don’t Routinely Order X-Ray For Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis/Heel Pain Plantar fasciitis is a disorder of the insertion of the plantar fascia as it inserts on the calcaneus (heel bone), causing pain in the heel and bottom of the foot.

Physeal (growth plate) Injuries: What to Know and What to be Aware of in Young Athletes . One of the biggest differences between young and adult athletes is the presence of growth plates, otherwise known as physes. Both acute and repetitive or chronic forces can affect the physes, however, with improved understanding of physeal injuries and their appropriate treatment we can reduce the impact they have on our youth participating in sports.

5 Things to Know About Sickle Cell Trait As spring sports begin and temperatures increase, it is important to address factors that may impact training and injuries in athletes of all ages. Knowing your health history is a vital part of staying safe while exercising and something that you, your primary care and sports medicine doctors should take seriously.

A Beginner’s Guide to a Proper Bike Fit Bicycling is a popular form of physical activity for people of all ages and offers many health benefits. As the weather gets warmer many people will decide to start cycling for recreation, health benefits, or to train for a bike ride, race or triathlon. Riding a bicycle is an excellent way to improve cardiovascular fitness and strength and is also easy on joints.

Choosing Wisely: Stress Cardiac Imaging This issue will highlight some of the steps to returning or starting a new exercise and help clarify who is at high risk for cardiovascular events and who may need further cardiac evaluation in the form of cardiac stress test and/or cardiac angiography.

The Pre-Participation Physical Evaluation The pre-participation evaluation of athletes is an essential component of fostering the well-being and performance potential for sports participants of all ages and levels of competition.

Ask 5 Things: About Concussion Treatment Concussions occur in all sports with the highest incidence in football, hockey, rugby, soccer and basketball. Concussion remains a clinical diagnosis ideally made by a healthcare provider familiar with the athlete and knowledgeable in the recognition and evaluation of concussion.

Choosing Wisely: Understanding the Risk and Benefits of NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (Aleve), celecoxib (Celebrex), are one of the most common classes of medications used for pain.

Coach’s Corner: Motivating Athletes All coaches, whether working with athletes at recreational or elite levels, will struggle with how to best motivate their players.

Adductor Tendon Strain/Groin Strain An adductor strain or groin strain is a stretch, pull or tear in any of the adductor muscles or their tendons. This occurs in 10-30% of soccer and hockey players.

Aerobic Training Aerobic exercise, more commonly known as “cardio,” is physical exercise that uses oxygen to meet energy demands created during activity.

Creatine Creatine is the most popular nutritional supplement in the United States with approximate annual sales of $400 million.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Injection Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) refers to symptoms caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist, within the carpal tunnel.

Fifth Metatarsal Fractures The fifth metatarsal is the long bone on the outside of the foot that starts in the middle of the foot and forms a joint with the pinky toe.

Second Impact Syndrome “Second impact syndrome” is a rare but life-threatening condition that can occur when an athlete suffers a second head injury prior to healing from an initial head injury, such as a concussion.

Transient Quadriplegia/Cervical Cord Neurapraxia Transient quadriplegia (TQ), also called cervical cord neurapraxia (CCN), is a rare but dangerous cervical spine (neck) injury.

Blood-borne Infections: HIV and Hepatitis HIV and Hepatitis B and C are viral infections carried in the blood. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and is a virus that destroys the cells that fight off infections in the body.

Ear Infections (Otitis Media) An ear infection is a viral or bacterial infection that affects the middle ear (the space behind the ear drum).

Fibular Stress Fractures Stress fractures are overuse injuries of the bone. Healthy bone responds to repetitive forces by remodeling and becoming stronger. Injury occurs when there is disruption in this remodeling process. Many things can cause improper remodeling and lead to stress fractures.

Heat Urticaria Heat urticaria, also called cholinergic urticaria, refers to hives caused by increased core body temperature due to active or passive body warming. The most common causes are exercise, strong emotions, hot ambient temperatures, spicy foods, and bathing in hot water.

Hypertension in Athletes Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition in athletes and can affect athletes of all ages. Primary hypertension, hypertension without a known cause, is responsible for 95% hypertension cases.

Osteitis Pubis Osteitis pubis is an inflammation of the pubic symphysis and surrounding muscle insertions. Also referred to as pubic bone stress injury, it occurs due to isolated or repetitive insult to the pubic symphysis and nearby structures.

Osteochondral Lesion An osteochondral lesion is a defect in the cartilage of a joint and the bone underneath. Cartilage is a connective tissue that covers the bones between joints.

Pes Anserine Bursitis Pes anserine bursitis is inflammation of the pes anserine bursa, located along the upper inner part of the lower leg, 2-3 inches below the knee joint, between the shin bone (tibia) the three conjoined tendons of the hamstring muscle.

Pneumonia in Athletes Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue caused by a variety of bacteria or viruses primarily affecting the microscopic air sacs known as the alveoli.

Subacromial Injection The subacromial space is the area below the hard, bony part on top of the shoulder joint called the acromion and above the rotator cuff tendons that sit on top of the humerus.

Trench Foot Trench foot, also known as immersion foot syndrome, develops when feet are cold and wet for prolonged periods of time without the ability to warm or dry the skin.

Compartment Syndrome Acute compartment syndrome is a condition that occurs when pressure increases to a very high level within your extremities, usually due to a serious injury.

Blisters Blisters are fluid-filled swelling formed at the pressure points in feet and hands due to the friction between the foot and shoes/socks or a hand and tools or sporting equipment.

Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure Cardiomyopathy is a result of change in the structure and function of heart muscle cells. These changes cause the heart to not function properly and can lead to heart failure, which is when the heart cannot pump blood as well to other major organs.

Eye Injuries in Sports Participating in sports and physical activity results in about 40,000 eye injuries in the United States each year. Most of these occur in kids, and about ninety percent of them are avoidable.

Haglund's Deformity Haglund’s deformity, also called pump bump, winter heel, Mulholland deformity, or retrocalcaneal exostosis, is a bony enlargement of the posterosuperior heel bone, called the calcaneus, at the insertion site of the Achilles tendon.

Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Human growth hormone (hGH) is a protein that is produced and stored within the pituitary gland, a part of the brain. It goes into the blood in pulses, resulting in fluctuating blood levels.

Long QT Syndrome Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a condition involving the electrical activity of the heart. In a normal heart, an electrical impulse is generated from an electrical center (sinoatrial node).

Lupus Lupus or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects many areas of the body, including the skin, musculoskeletal, kidney, heart, lungs and reproductive systems.

Metatarsal Stress Fractures The metatarsals sustain the greatest impact on the foot during walking, running or jumping. The metatarsals are the second most common site for stress fractures, which are small cracks in the bone.

Pain Control Learn more about four types of medications commonly used to treat pain, including how they work and possible side effects.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PR) is an inflammatory condition that most often affects older patients. Typical symptoms include severe proximal muscle and joint stiffness/pain, most often in the shoulder girdle and hips.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of arthritis that affects multiple joints of the body. It is considered an autoimmune arthritis, meaning that our own body attacks cells in the joints to cause inflammation.

Sesamoiditis Sesamoiditis is the painful inflammation of a sesamoid bone and its surrounding tendons and tissue structures due to repetitive stress. It is seen in a variety of athletes, including runners, dancers, basketball players and tennis players.

Side Stitch Exercise-Related Transient Abdominal Pain (ETAP) is more commonly known as a side or runners “stitch.” This pain is considered harmless, but can affect athletic performance in many individuals.

Spleen Injuries Spleen injuries in athletes are rare, but potentially life-threatening if missed. It is therefore important to always keep this diagnosis in mind when evaluating athletes after an abdominal injury.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome The tarsal tunnel is a canal located between the Achilles tendon and the medial malleolus (bony bump on the inside of the ankle). Tendons, blood vessels and the tibial nerve travel through the tarsal tunnel.

Turf Toe Turf toe is foot injury that affects athletes in many sports and activities. The injury occurs on the bottom of the foot at the joint (metatarsal phalangeal joint, or MTP joint) where the big (first) toe meets the foot.

Viscosupplementation for Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is the progressive, irreversible breakdown of joints from wear and tear, and approximately 50 million people have osteoarthritis (or OA) in the United States. OA becomes more common with increasing age, though young patients can develop osteoarthritis, especially after injury.

Calcaneal (Heel Bone) Stress Fractures A calcaneal stress fracture is a small break in the heel bone, also known as the calcaneus, due to repetitive activity on the foot.

Congenital Coronary Anomalies Congenital coronary anomalies (CCA), though uncommon, are the second leading cause of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). They are caused by problems with the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is an uncommon pain condition, usually found in the arms and legs, which can develop after a fracture, surgery or other injury.

Dental Injuries Sports-related dental injuries account for 40% of all dental injuries in the United States, and there are often more injuries in sports that are fast paced and have high-speed impacts.

Depression and Anxiety in Sports Athletes and active individuals are not immune from mental illness. In fact, depression and anxiety disorders may occur in athletes at least as commonly as the general population.

DeQuervains Tenosynovitis Injection DeQuervains Tenosynovitis is a painful wrist disorder that is thought to be due to thickening (Stenosing) of the tendons responsible for movement of the thumb.

Flexibility Flexibility helps performance, posture, promotes efficient movement, prevents incorrect body alignment, maintains appropriate muscle length and balance and also decreases injury risk.

Hallux Rigidus Hallux Rigidus is the medical term for degenerative joint disease of the first metatarsophalangeal joint or more simply, osteoarthritis of the first toe.

Knee Injection Injections can help reduce pain and inflammation of the knee joint. These can help lead to better movement, performance of daily activities, exercising, and/ or rehabilitation.

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Injuries The LCL is located on the outer part of the knee and connects the femur (thigh bone) and fibula (smaller of the two leg bones). It can get injured or torn when the knee twists or more commonly when hit from the inside out (also known as varus stress mechanism).

Os Trigonum Syndrome Os Trigonum Syndrome is a painful condition located on the back of the ankle that arises from an extra bone that sometimes develops from the back of the ankle bone (talus).

Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome (PAES) is an uncommon vascular condition that affects the legs, most often in younger male athletes.

Pronator Syndrome Pronator Syndrome is caused by an entrapped median nerve in the elbow.

Resistance Training Resistance training refers to the use of various methods of strength training, including free weights, machines, body weight, elastic cords, tubes and many other devices, to help apply resistance to body movements.

Retrocalcaneal Bursitis Retrocalcaneal bursitis is the most common type of heel bursitis. It is usually a result of repetitive movements causing minor trauma to the area, including running and jumping.

Radial Tunnel Syndrome Radial Tunnel Syndrome (RTS) is a condition involving persistent pain in the outside elbow and forearm. The location of pain is similar to tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis).

Sinus Tarsi Syndrome Sinus tarsi syndrome (STS) is a clinical diagnosis characterized with persistent pain over the anterolateral (the outside of the foot underneath the ankle) region of the hind foot known as the sinus tarsi.

Sports Psychology Sports Psychology is a subspecialty of psychology that deals with human participation and performance in sport, athletics, physical activity and exercise.

Surfer's Ear Also known as Surfer’s Ear, exostosis is multiple bony outgrowths of the external auditory canal (or outer ear) that is generally benign.

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an unusually fast heart rhythm that happens when the heart rhythm (or pulse) is faster than 100 beats per minute.

Tenotomy and Dry Needling Surgical tenotomy is a procedure where the tendon is divided and abnormal tissue is removed to promote healing. Dry needling is a technique where a needle is used to break up trigger points (tender knots in muscle).

Trochanteric or Lateral Hip Injections Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is a term used to highlight that lateral hip pain can come from a variety of sources. This condition is common, especially in the 40-60 year-old age group.

Kidney Injuries Kidneys are the third-most common abdominal organs injured. In sports, kidneys are typically injured when someone is hit in the area of the kidneys (blunt trauma) or from intense exercise.

Cervical Spine Stenosis/Spondylosis Cervical stenosis is when the central spinal canal (the space where the spinal cord travels down the spine) becomes narrowed at the level of the neck.

Scheuermann Disease Scheuermann disease is a fixed deformity of the thoracic spine (the mid-spine at the levels the ribs attach to).

Wolff-Parkinson-White Disorder Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) is a disorder of the heart’s electrical conduction system.

Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA) Un esguince del LCA ocurre cuando hay un daño al ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), un ligamento mayor localizado adentro de la rodilla.

Enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter La enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter se refiere a una condición que ocurre durante la adolescencia y causa dolor e hinchazón en el área superior de la espinilla, justamente debajo de la rodilla, llamada tuberosidad tibial.

Ruptura del Tendón Patelar y Cuádriceps El grupo muscular del cuádriceps está formado por cuatro músculos al frente del muslo. El tendón del cuádriceps une los músculos del cuádriceps a la rótula (patela). El tendón patelar une la rótula a la cara anterior de la tibia (espinilla).

Fractura de Boxeador as fracturas de boxeador afectan a los huesos metacarpianos de la mano. Estos huesos conectan los huesos de los dedos con los de la muñeca y ayudan a formar los nudillos.

Síndrome del Túnel del Carpo Uno de los nervios de la muñeca llamado el nervio mediano, pasa por un túnel en la muñeca conocido como túnel del carpo.

Tenosinovitis de Quervain La tenosynovitis de Quervain es una lesión por sobreuso caracterizada por el engrosamiento e hinchazón de los tendons que van desde la base del dedo pulgar, a través de la muñeca y hasta el antebrazo.

Congelamiento Las lesiones por congelamiento pueden ocurrir tras exposición prolongada a temperaturas heladas (< 0°C o 32° F). Las partes del cuerpo mayormente afectadas son los dedos de las manos y los pies, así como la punta de la nariz, orejas y mejillas.

Síndrome de Intersección El síndrome de intersección es una lesión por sobreuso similar a la tenosinovitis De Quervain y se caracteriza por la irritación e hinchazón de la parte posterior a la muñeca y antebrazo, del lado del dedo pulgar (o lado radial).

Síndrome de la Banda Iliotibial La banda iliotibial (“banda IT”) es una banda de fascia gruesa (como un tipo de carne dura) que se extiende hacia abajo del exterior por la superior del muslo.

Dedo De Jersey La lesión del dedo de jersey ocurre cuando el tendón responsable de la flexión de la punta del dedo se rompe. Ocurre más comúnmente en el dedo anular. El tendón puede retraerse incluso hasta la palma de la mano.

5 Preguntas acerca de la Artritis de la Rodilla que Deberías Hacer a tu Médico 5 Preguntas acerca de la Artritis de la Rodilla que Deberías Hacer a tu Médico

Esguince del LCM El ligamento colateral medial (LCM) es uno de cuatro ligamentos que estabiliza la rodilla junto con el ligamento anterior cruzado (LAC), ligamento posterior cruzado (LPC) y ligamento collateral lateral (LCL).

Desgarros del Menisco El menisco es un cartílago en la rodilla que actúa como un amortiguador para articulación de la rodilla. Hay dos meniscos en la rodilla, uno en el aspecto interior de la rodilla (medial) y otro en el aspecto externo de la rodilla (lateral).

Tendinopatía Patelar Un tendón es una banda gruesa que ata un músculo a un hueso. El tendón patelar va desde el fondo de la rótula (patela) hacia el tope de la espinilla (tibia).

Síndrome Patelofemoral Dolor en el área patelofemoral es un problema de rodilla común pero complejo que ocurre en la mayoría de las personas activas. La patela (rótula) se encuentra ubicada en un surco al fondo del hueso del muslo (fémur).

Pulgar de Esquiador El ligamento colateral ulnar es una banda fuerte de tejido que pone resistencia al separar el dedo pulgar del índice. Una esguince de este ligamento sucede cuando el mismo se estira o desgarra.

Enfermedad de Sinding-Larsen Johansson (SLJ) La enfermedad de Sinding-Larsen Johansson (SLJ) puede ser es una causa de dolor de rodilla en individuos activos entre las edades de 8 a 13 años.

Lesión del Complejo del Fibrocartílago Triangular (CFCT) Las lesiones del complejo del fibrocartílago triangular (CFCT) son la fuente más común de dolor de muñeca del lado del dedo meñique (lado cubital).

Lesiones del Lado Cubital de la Muñeca El dolor de muñeca puede ser resultado de una lesión, sobreuso repetitivo o condiciones crónicas.

Fractura de Muñeca La muñeca está compuesta de ocho huesos. Estos ocho huesos unen los huesos del antebrazo (radio y cúbito) con los huesos de la mano (metacarpianos).

Abrasions Abrasions are injuries to the most superficial layers of the skin due to friction. The most common areas of abrasions are the head, torso and then the lower limbs and are also known as road rash, turf burns and raspberries.

Acupuncture Acupuncture is one of the oldest medical procedures in the world and originated in China around 2,000 years ago. The goal is to stimulate certain anatomical points of the body, and the method is generally very safe.

Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Blood Flow Restriction Therapy involves applying a tightly wrapped device (usually a blood pressure cuff) at the upper portion of an extremity for a treatment session to restrict blood flow for a prescribed period of time.

Blood Clots in Athletes A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein, most commonly in the leg, and cuts off blood circulation. DVTs are not common in athletes, but various scenarios can cause them to form.

Exercising with Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. In CAD the blood vessels to the heart become narrowed from plaque buildup, and over time this limits the blood flow to the heart.

Calluses and Corns Calluses and corns are benign lesions of the skin that are most prominently found on the feet or hands but can present on any skin surface.

Diabetes in Exercise (Type 1) Although exercise presents several important challenges to diabetes management, the importance of physical activity has great benefits to long-term health.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a collection of conditions that causes the various supportive tissues in our body, including our bones, joints and skin, to be extra flexible.

Epilepsy and Seizure Activity in Athletes With proper precautions and monitoring, participation in athletics and regular physical activity is safe and may even be beneficial for athletes with epilepsy.

Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating beyond what is normally required to regulate the body temperature, known as hyperhidrosis, can occur in some individuals and athletes.

Massage Therapy Massage therapy has many uses, including for relaxation and pain relief. In active individuals, massage may provide benefits to promote recovery and improve athletic performance.

Exercise-Induced Migraines Exercise-induced migraines are typically one-sided, last 4-72 hours, are described as throbbing, are aggravated by activity and are moderately to severely painful.

Mitral Valve Prolapse Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) occurs when the leaflets of the mitral valve bulge into the left atrium when the heart contracts. This is usually a result of an abnormal size or damage of the mitral valve tissue.

Psoriatic Arthritis Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory disease of the bones and joints associated with psoriasis, which is a condition that causes a scaly, plaque-like rash on the skin.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is used to reduce pain by conducting small amounts of electricity to the body.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a relatively uncommon combination of signs and symptoms stemming from compression of nervous or vascular structures between the first rib and collar bone.

Tinea Cruris Tinea cruris is commonly known as “Jock Itch.” This is a round, itchy, red fungal infection of the upper thighs in the area typically covered by underwear briefs.

Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia (EAH) Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is a preventable, acute condition related to recent prolonged physical activity that results in a low level of sodium in the blood.

Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern that affects more than 29 million people in the USA and 366 million people worldwide.

Sunburn A sunburn happens when your skin gets too much sun without being properly protected.

Caffeine One of the most consumed substances in the world is caffeine, a stimulant marketed in various forms for things like wakefulness, headaches and even athletic performance.

Trigger Point Injections Trigger point injections are a safe and quick procedure that can be performed at a sports medicine physician's office to relieve pain and discomfort from trigger points.

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